XVII century

Ieyasu fixes the five highways; the Tōkaidō runs fifty-three stations, each required to keep a hundred porters and a hundred horses

Isfahan is laid out around Meidan Emam, joined to a two-kilometre bazaar through the Qeyssariyeh portal, with Ali Qapu as the place from which the shah receives his guests

The Stanglwirt is first recorded at Going am Wilden Kaiser; the Hauser family holds it still

Nishiki is granted rights as a fish wholesale market in Kyoto ⚑ trade on the street is recorded from the fourteenth century

The Santa Clara convent is founded at Cartagena; it opens as a hotel in 1995

The Marché des Enfants Rouges opens in the Marais — the oldest covered market in Paris

Dejima is completed at Nagasaki — the artificial island on which foreign traders are confined for two centuries

Coffee begins to be sold commercially in Venice

La Posta Vecchia is built at Ladispoli; J. Paul Getty restores it as his home in 1960

Chandni Chowk is laid out at Shahjahanabad to a design by Jahanara Begum, daughter of Shah Jahan

Jachiam Bütz-Janzun builds the Chesa Veglia farmhouse in St. Moritz

Cliveden is built for the Duke of Buckingham; it becomes a hotel in 1985

The Gostiny Dvor at Arkhangelsk is begun in stone, finished 1683 — administrative, commercial and defensive in one wall

Mitsui Takatoshi opens Echigoya on the busiest merchant street in Edo, in a rented shopfront a ken and a half wide

Mitsui Takatoshi opens Echigoya in Edo, selling cash at fixed prices and cloth by the length

Villa Cetinale is built near Siena; it is let whole from 2000

Les Trois Rois opens at Basel on the Rhine — among the oldest city hotels in Europe

Louis XIV takes Charles Dalloyau from the Prince de Condé as officier de bouche

Fire moves Echigoya to Surugachō and Takatoshi announces 現銀掛値なし — cash on the counter, one price for everyone. The fixed price, 169 years before Le Bon Marché

Procopio Cutò opens Le Procope — the first house in France to call itself a café