XVI century

Souq al-Madina at Aleppo reaches its extent — thirteen kilometres of covered market on the Silk Road ⚑ the fabric is medieval and its dating is approximate

Wikala al-Ghuri is built — storage below, cells above, a single guarded gate

Wikala al-Ghuri is completed — storage below, modular merchant lodgings above, with a mosque, madrasa, fountain and school around it

The wall of Jeddah holds against a Portuguese siege

The Order of St John is given Malta, carrying to the island the hospice tradition it began in Jerusalem in 1113

The Knights land at Birgu on the Grand Harbour, thirty-six years before Valletta exists

Sher Shah Suri begins building up to 1,700 sarais from Bengal to the Punjab, with trees and wells between them

The Muscovy Company is granted a court on Varvarka — chambers that are dwelling, warehouse and embassy at once, and the earliest surviving building in Moscow where a foreigner was housed by charter

Haji Begum builds the Arab Sarai at Delhi for the three hundred Arab clerics who accompanied her on hajj

Valletta is founded by Jean Parisot de Valette after the Great Siege and laid out by Girolamo Cassar — a capital planned and built in one campaign by an order of hospitallers

Cardinal Tolomeo Gallio builds the Villa d'Este at Cernobbio; it becomes a hotel in 1873

The Sacra Infermeria opens, its Great Ward among the longest rooms in Europe and its patients served on silver

La Tour d'Argent dates its founding — the house's own claim, undocumented

The Monasterio is built as a seminary at Cusco; it opens as a hotel in 1995

Shah Abbas moves the capital to Isfahan and begins the caravanserai network that gives the type its name